Which syndrome is associated with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

The condition associated with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is hyponatremia. SIADH leads to excessive retention of water in the body due to higher-than-normal levels of antidiuretic hormone. This increased water retention dilutes the sodium levels in the bloodstream, resulting in hyponatremia, which is characterized by low sodium concentration.

In this syndrome, the body's regulatory mechanisms for maintaining sodium balance are disrupted because the kidneys continue to excrete sodium despite the increased retention of water. As a result, hyponatremia can manifest clinically with symptoms such as nausea, headache, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma due to the rapid changes in serum sodium levels.

Understanding the connection between SIADH and hyponatremia is crucial for the management of patients with this syndrome, as addressing the underlying cause of SIADH and correcting the sodium imbalance is essential in preventing complications.