What type of cells in the pancreas are responsible for insulin production?

The pancreas contains several types of cells that play distinct roles in the regulation of blood sugar levels, with beta cells being specifically responsible for the production of insulin. These cells are located in the islets of Langerhans, which are clusters of cells distributed throughout the pancreas.

When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating, beta cells respond by secreting insulin, which facilitates the uptake of glucose by body cells and helps lower blood sugar levels. This hormone is critical for maintaining proper energy storage and metabolic balance in the body. The function of beta cells is vital for individuals with diabetes, as their impairment leads to insufficient insulin production and elevated blood glucose levels.

In contrast, alpha cells in the pancreas produce glucagon, which raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Delta cells produce somatostatin, a hormone that regulates the secretion of other hormones in the pancreas, including insulin and glucagon. Gamma cells are not commonly referred to in standard terminology related to pancreatic function; hence they do not play a key role in insulin production.

Thus, understanding the unique functions of these different cells highlights why the correct answer is beta cells, as they are the specific source of insulin within the pancreas.