What is the primary role of estrogen in the female body?

Estrogen's primary role in the female body encompasses a variety of functions, and one of its most notable contributions is the promotion of secondary sexual characteristics. This includes the development of breasts, widening of hips, and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. These traits are essential for sexual maturation and reproductive capabilities, marking a significant part of female puberty. Estrogen levels rise during the menstrual cycle, playing a crucial role in ovulation and the preparation of the uterine lining for potential pregnancy.

While estrogen also influences various other body systems—such as metabolism and bone density—it is specifically instrumental in establishing and maintaining the physical characteristics that define female sexual differentiation and maturity. Thus, its function in promoting secondary sexual characteristics is a clear and fundamental aspect of its role in the female endocrine system.