What is the primary hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

The correct answer is cortisol, which is the primary hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing glucocorticoids, the most significant of which is cortisol. This hormone plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of metabolism, the immune response, and blood pressure. Cortisol is essential for helping the body manage stress and is involved in the body’s fight-or-flight response.

Cortisol aids in the conversion of proteins and fats into glucose through gluconeogenesis, helping to maintain adequate blood sugar levels during times of stress or fasting. Additionally, it influences inflammation and the immune response, making it critical for maintaining overall homeostasis in the body.

Other options such as adrenaline are produced by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is involved in metabolism and growth. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is crucial for glucose metabolism. Understanding the unique functions and origins of these hormones helps clarify why cortisol is specifically recognized as the primary hormone from the adrenal cortex.