What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

The primary function of the adrenal medulla is to secrete catecholamines, which include epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones play a critical role in the body's response to stress, preparing it to react quickly in "fight or flight" situations. When the body encounters stress, the adrenal medulla responds by releasing these hormones into the bloodstream, leading to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and enhanced energy availability. This immediate reaction is vital for survival in stressful situations.

While other parts of the adrenal gland are responsible for producing different hormones—such as glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex which help regulate metabolism and stress responses, and aldosterone which is involved in water and electrolyte balance—the adrenal medulla specifically focuses on the rapid release of catecholamines as its core function. This distinction highlights the specialized roles of the adrenal gland's various components in the body's overall endocrine and regulatory systems.