What is the main function of glucagon?

Glucagon primarily functions to raise blood glucose levels. It is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted and acts on the liver, promoting gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) and glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen into glucose). This action effectively increases the glucose available in the bloodstream, helping to maintain energy supply for bodily functions, especially during fasting or periods of low carbohydrate intake.

Understanding the role of glucagon is essential for managing conditions such as diabetes and for overall knowledge of metabolic processes. It contrasts with insulin, which serves to lower blood glucose levels, highlighting the balance of these two hormones in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. The other options, while related to glucose regulation and metabolism, do not accurately describe the primary function of glucagon.