What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, particularly during periods of fasting or between meals. When blood glucose levels drop below normal, glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream. Its primary action is to stimulate the liver to release stored glucose (in the form of glycogen) into the bloodstream, thereby increasing the blood glucose concentration.

Additionally, glucagon facilitates gluconeogenesis, a metabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. By promoting these processes, glucagon effectively raises blood glucose levels to ensure that the body has an adequate supply of glucose for energy, particularly for vital organs such as the brain.

This mechanism is essential for maintaining homeostasis in blood sugar levels and preventing hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious health issues. In contrast, insulin acts to lower blood glucose levels, illustrating the complementary roles of these two hormones in endocrine regulation of glucose balance.