What function does the pancreas serve in the digestive system?

The pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestive system by producing digestive enzymes and hormones. The digestive enzymes, secreted into the small intestine, help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients. These enzymes include amylase for carbohydrates, lipase for fats, and proteases for proteins.

In addition to enzyme production, the pancreas also produces hormones, the most notable being insulin and glucagon, which are vital for regulating blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into the cells, while glucagon has the opposite effect, raising blood glucose levels. This dual role of producing both digestive enzymes and hormones positions the pancreas as an essential organ in the digestive system and the endocrine system, linking digestion with metabolic regulation.