What condition results from an overproduction of cortisol?

The condition that results from an overproduction of cortisol is Cushing's syndrome. This syndrome occurs due to prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can originate from the adrenal glands (adrenal tumors or hyperplasia), pituitary adenomas (Cushing's disease), or even from external sources such as prolonged use of corticosteroid medications.

Individuals with Cushing's syndrome may exhibit a variety of signs and symptoms, including weight gain, particularly around the abdomen and face, a rounded face often referred to as "moon facies," purple striae on the skin, muscle weakness, and increased susceptibility to infections. The excess cortisol affects multiple body systems, leading to metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive issues.

In contrast, other conditions mentioned do not involve an overproduction of cortisol. Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone often due to a pituitary tumor. Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of cortisol and other hormones, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing hypothyroidism, and does not involve cortisol overproduction.