How does cortisol affect the immune system?

Cortisol, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a significant role in regulating various physiological processes, particularly during stress. One of its key functions is to suppress inflammation, which is an essential aspect of the immune response.

When the body faces stress or an infection, cortisol is released into the bloodstream. This hormone helps modulate the immune response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing the activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes. This suppression of inflammatory processes helps to prevent excessive damage to tissues that could occur during an immune reaction.

In the context of long-term exposure to high levels of cortisol, this suppression can lead to a decreased immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections. However, in acute situations, the inflammation control provided by cortisol is beneficial in preventing overactive immune responses that can result in autoimmune conditions.

Therefore, recognizing the role of cortisol in suppressing inflammation highlights its importance in maintaining balance within the immune system, particularly during times of stress.